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The prostate is a gland located directly below the bladder and above the muscles of the pelvic floor. It surrounds the urethra, the tube that carries urine and semen out of the body. The function of the prostate is to produce the fluid that nourishes and protects sperm.
Located above the prostate, the seminal vesicles are sac-like pouches that produce and store some of the liquid portion of semen. They join with the vas deferens to form the ejaculatory ducts that pass through the prostate to the urethra.
The vas deferens is a long, muscular tube that transports sperm from the epididymis into the pelvic cavity and then to the ejaculatory duct. Mature sperm are stored in the vas deferens.
The bladder is a muscular sac in the pelvis where urine is stored.
The ejaculatory ducts are formed by the joining of the vas deferens and the seminal vesicles. They deliver sperm to the urethra.
The bulbourethral glands are small structures located on the sides of the urethra just below the prostate. They secrete a thin fluid into the urethra that lubricates the urethra and neutralizes the acid from urine in order to prepare the urethra for the flow of semen.
The urethra is a membranous tube that transports urine from the bladder to the exterior of the body. The urethra also has the function of expelling semen during ejaculation.
The epididymis is a long, coiled tube that rests against the back of the testes (testicles). The epididymis stores sperm cells, which are produced by the testes, and provides the environment for them to mature.
The penis is the external reproductive organ. It comprises 3 parts, the root which is attached to the pelvic bones, the shaft (main body), and the glans (tip), The shaft contains the urethra which opens at the tip to release semen or urine.
The testes produce sperm and testosterone, the primary male sex hormone. They are contained within the scrotum, a pouch-like sac that serves to protect the testes and regulate their temperature to support normal sperm development.